Karl Smith claims
Money does not create anything. Value stored as money is value lost; lost because it represents resources not directed towards capital.
There is some truth to what he says, but this claim is false. It’s not that investing in money doesn’t actually cause an increase in capital available, it’s that it happens to invest in not very productive way.
As I’ve said before, I think it’s useful to think of central banks as private “producers of money” (who happen to have a monopoly and aren’t motivated primarily by profit). Think of the dollars as a product built and sold by the Fed. What does the Fed use to produce dollars? They use government bonds. They take them and use them to make their promise that dollars will maintain their value credible. This isn’t the only way money can be produced, other financial assets could be used, such as a basket of stocks. Because of this, investing in money is effectively the same as investing in whatever asset the central bank uses to produce its money (albeit at a worse interest rate).
Assuming the Fed approximately expands the dollar supply when demand to hold dollars goes up (and vice versa), an increase in demand to hold money means the Fed buys whatever asset they use to produce money. This causes an increase in the demand for that asset. You might not think that an increase in demand for government bonds causes good investment on the margin, but it’s also not wasted completely. How much waste depends on: 1) the government bond supply curve 2) the elasticity of demand between government bonds and other assets 3) how good the government is at doing productive investments relative to private investment.
That said, it’s conceptually easy to make money a poor store of value: give it a large negative interest rate. This is necessary when the asset used to produce money (normally government bonds) have a low or negative interest rate in order to avoid having the central bank subsidize people’s holding of money.

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February 15, 2011 at 3:04 pm
Silas Barta
Just as a way to help feel out where our disagreement is…
1) How long does someone have to hold on to money before they’re hurting the economy in a way that can only be remedied by printing more money? Before it causes negative externalities on par with, say, dumping mercury into a river?
2) Do any “red flags” go up in your mind — any at all — when you find that your position implies that an economy is critically dependent upon people maintaining a steady flow of spending?
February 16, 2011 at 11:31 pm
jsalvati
1) Assuming a fixed quantity of money, and others are not more willing to get rid of money than they have been in the past, if one person tries to accumulate more money than they have in the past (assuming the past was at equilibrium), then they are “hurting the economy” in the sense that they are having negative external effects on others. Of course whether the benefits they get outweigh the costs they impose on others is an unknown.
2) No. Your phrasing makes it sound like I believe lack of spending is a problem in itself rather than evidence of a problem; I’ve tried to emphasize to you that I believe the latter not the former. I’ve also tried to argue to you that many things which seem like they would affect aggregate spending do not do so. I do not find it terribly implausible that fluctuations in spending are indicative of the state of the economy if the broad classes of things which affect spending are monetary disequilibrium and shifts between market and non-market activity.
October 12, 2011 at 3:11 pm
Silas Barta
I hope you follow discussions on old posts, because your point in 1) has been made recently by Steve_Landsburg (post links a previous one where he made the same point): if people are hoarding money, on what basis do you conclude that the benefit to horaders is less than the loss to people who would prefer the money be spent? IS/LM and AS/AD arguments don’t have a utility function that helps make this tradeoff.
PS: You’re on the no-kill list!
October 18, 2011 at 8:48 am
jsalvatier
Hooray!
October 18, 2011 at 8:50 am
jsalvatier
And yup, I think models built from microfoundations (behavioral assumptions) have a better chance of being useful than models that aren’t.
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